Notes: Immunotechniques

1.DNA FINGERPRINTING

• DNA fingerprinting, also known as DNA profiling,

• Utilizes immunotechniques alongside some molecular biology techniques.

 STEPS:

1. Sample Collection and DNA Extraction:

• Biological samples like blood, buccal swabs (cells from the inner cheek), or hair follicles are collected.

• DNA is then extracted from the collected cells using specialized techniques.

2. Restriction Enzyme Digestion:

• The extracted DNA is treated with specific restriction enzymes. These molecular scissors cut DNA at specific recognition sequences, generating fragments of varying sizes. The choice of restriction enzymes is crucial for creating a unique fingerprint for each individual.

3. Southern Blotting:

This step involves: * Gel Electrophoresis: The fragmented DNA is separated based on size using gel electrophoresis. Smaller fragments move faster through the gel, while larger ones move slower. * DNA Transfer: The separated DNA fragments are transferred from the gel to a nylon or nitrocellulose membrane.

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